53.
Increased Bone Formation in a Porcine Critical Size Defect when
using Hyaluronic Acid and TCP Coated Polycaprolactone Scaffolds
Seeded with Autologous Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Jonas Jensen, Jens Vinge Nygaard, Muwan Chen, David Christian Evar Kraft,
Jørgen Baas, Cody Bünger
Orthopaedic Research Lab Aarhus University Hospital; Interdisciplinary Nano
Science Center (iNANO), Aarhus University; Orthopaedic Research Lab,
Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry,
Aarhus University; Orthopaedic Research Lab, Aarhus University Hospital;
Orthopaedic Research Lab, Aarhus University Hospital
Background:
Dental pulp tissue has been hypothesized as an alternative
source of autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells for use in bone tissue
engineering.
Purpose / Aim of Study:
To assess the bone healing potential of dental pulp
stem cells as well as a new scaffold in a large animal critical size defect.
Materials and Methods:
The scaffolds for cell seeding were comprised of the
polymer PCL, bioplotted into at three-dimensional grid structure (bioplotted
scaffold). Afterwards, a new scaffold was created by infusing the bioplotted
scaffold with hyaluronic acid + TCP to create a micro-porous (HT scaffold). A
total of 14 skeletally mature pigs were used with termination 5 weeks post
surgery. One month prior to surgery, bone marrow and one molar tooth was
extracted from each individual pig. Mononuclear cells were isolated and
differentiated into osteogenic lineage. A total of six 10 mm in depths and 15
mm in diameter non-penetrating holes were drilled in the calvaria. Three
paired studies were chosen; 1.) empty defect and HT scaffold, 2.) HT scaffold
and bioplotted scaffold 3.) HT scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells
(
DPSCs) and HT scaffold seeded with bone mesenchymal stem cells
(
BMSCs). After termination, bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) was
determined by µCT.
Findings / Results:
µCT data showed significant more bone formation in the
defect containing the HT scaffold compared to the empty defect (p=0,0203).
HT scaffolds showed larger BV/TV compared to bioplotted only (p=0,0001).
When comparing the HT scaffolds seeded with autologous stem cells, the
defect containing scaffolds seeded with DPSCs had a significantly higher
BV/TV (0,009)
Conclusions:
This study show an osteogenic potential of the DPSCs superior
to BMSCs. The Hyaluronic acid and TCP coating on the bioplotted scaffold
results in higher BV/TV compared to the pure PCL scaffold.
